Below information/statistics from Wikipedia
The list of weather records includes the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.[2]
Temperature
Increasingly, record temperatures have been warm record temperatures.[1]
2024 saw the highest global average surface temperature in recorded history.[3]
Measuring conditions
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) to 2.00 metres (6.6 ft) above the ground,[4] and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees “in the shade”).[5] The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods.
Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F).[5] The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972.[6] In 2011, a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan.[7] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.[8]
Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in five of the seven years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.[5]
Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) on 10 August 2010, at 81.8°S 59.3°E. Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air temperature of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).[9][10]
Hottest
Highest temperatures ever recorded
Main articles: Highest temperature recorded on Earth and Heat wave
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest temperature ever recorded globally is 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on 10 July 1913 in Furnace Creek (Greenland Ranch), California[11], but the validity of this record is challenged as possible problems with the reading have since been discovered. Christopher C. Burt, a weather historian writing for Weather Underground, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is “a myth”, and is at least 2.2 or 2.8 °C (4 or 5 °F) too high.[12] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth could still be at Death Valley, but is instead 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) recorded on 30 June 2013.[13] This is lower than a 1931 measurement of 55 °C (131 °F) recorded in Kebili, Tunisia, which has been verified by the WMO, although it has been disputed by most meteorologists.[14] The temperature of 54 °C (129 °F) is also matched by a 1942 record from Tirat Zvi, Israel.[15] In 2016 and 2017, readings in Kuwait and Iran also matched the 2013 Death Valley record, while readings in 2020 and 2021 also at Furnace Creek went even higher, up to 54.4 °C (130 °F), however, they have not yet been validated by WMO.[16] The WMO has stated they stand by the 1913 record pending any future investigations.
The former highest official temperature on Earth, 58.0 °C (136.4 °F), measured in ʽAziziya, Libya on 13 September 1922, was reassessed in July 2012 by the WMO which published a report that invalidated the record.[14] Another record hottest temperature was reportedly reached during a severe heat burst that occurred in Kopperl, Texas on 15 June 1960. Also nicknamed “Satan’s Storm”, the temperature is reported to have increased to around 60 °C (140 °F) in a matter of minutes during the decay phase of a thunderstorm.[17][18] This event, however, is poorly known and is not commonly included on lists of the highest globally recorded temperatures. There have been other unconfirmed reports of high temperatures, but these temperatures have never been officially validated by national weather services/WMO, and are currently considered to have been recorder’s errors,[19] thus not being recognised as world records.[20]
Highest global average temperature
The warmest day on record for the entire planet was 22 July 2024 when the highest global average temperature was recorded at 17.16 °C (62.89 °F).[21] The previous record was 17.09 °C (62.76 °F) set the day before on 21 July 2024.[21] The month of July 2023 was the hottest month on record globally.[22] September 2023 was the most anomalously warm month, averaging 1.75 °C (3.15 °F) above the preindustrial average for September.[23] The Copernicus Programme (begun 1940) had recorded 13 August 2016, as the hottest global temperature, but by July 2024, that date had been downgraded to the fourth hottest.[24]
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stated in its State of the Global Climate 2025 report that the period from 2015 to 2025 represented the warmest eleven-year span since global temperature records began. The report also indicated that 2025 ranked among the two or three hottest individual years on record globally, with the global mean temperature estimated at approximately 1.43 °C (2.57 °F) above the 1850-1900 preindustrial baseline.[25]
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | |||
| Algeria | 51.3 °C (124.3 °F) | Ouargla, Ouargla Province | 5 July 2018[26] |
 Botswana | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Maun | 7 January 2016[27][28] |
 Burkina Faso | 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) | Dori | 13 April 2016[29] |
 Cape Verde | 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) | Praia | 2004[29] |
 Chad | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 25 May 2023[30] |
 Ceuta | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Ceuta | 19 July 2023[29] |
 Comoros | 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Hahaya International Airport | 12 March 2024[31] |
 Egypt | 50.9 °C (123.6 °F) | Aswan | 7 June 2024[29] |
 Eswatini (Swaziland) | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Lavumisa | ?[32] |
 Ethiopia | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Dallol, Afar | 1966[33] |
 Gabon | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Tchibanga | 2008[29] |
 Gambia | 46.8 °C (116.2 °F) | Jenoi Kuntaur | 14 April 2000 May 2002[29] |
 Ghana | 44.6 °C (112.3 °F) | Navrongo | 1 May 2024[31] |
 Guinea | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Koundara, Boké Region | 29 March 2017[34] |
 Ivory Coast | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Odienne | February 1998[35] |
 Kenya | 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) | Wajir | 2026[29] |
 Madagascar | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Ejeda, Atsimo-Andrefana | ?[36] |
 Mali | 48.5 °C (119.3 °F) | Kayes | 3 April 2024[31] |
 Mayotte | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Trevani | 14 April 2020[29] |
 Morocco | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Agadir (Inezgane Airport) | 11 August 2023[37] |
 Niger | 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) | Bilma | 8 June 2016[29] |
 Nigeria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 2010[29] |
 Republic of the Congo | 39.6 °C (103.3 °F) | Impfondo | 13 March 2024[31] |
| Réunion | 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) | St. Paul | 21 January 2019[29] |
 Rwanda | 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) | Kigali | 2005[29] |
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Georgetown | 2010[29] |
 Somaliland | 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) | Berbera | 2004[29] |
 South Africa | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Vioolsdrif, Northern Cape | 3 January 1993[29] |
 Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 25 June 2010[30] |
 Tanzania | 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) | Abeid Amani Karume International Airport, Zanzibar City | 2007[29] |
 Togo | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Mango | 31 March 2024[31] |
 Tunisia | 50.3 °C (122.5 °F) | Kairouan | 11 August 2021[29] |
 Uganda | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Kitgum | February 2005[29] |
 Zambia | 43.5 °C (110.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 2011[29] |
| Antarctica | |||
 Antarctica | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) | Signy Research Station, Signy Island | 30 January 1982[38] |
| Asia | |||
 Abkhazia | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Lata, Abkhazia | ?[39] |
 Afghanistan (then,  Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) | 49.8 °C (121.6 °F) | Farah | July 1983[39] |
 Bahrain | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Bahrain International Airport[40] | 29 May 2026 |
 Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 18 May 1972[41] |
 Bhutan | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Phuentsholing | 27 August 1997[42] |
 Brunei | 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) | Mukim Sukang | July 2025[39] |
 Cambodia | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Preah Vihear and Svay Leu District | 27 April 2024[31] |
 China | 52.2 °C (126.0 °F) | Sanbu Township, Turpan, Xinjiang | 16 July 2023[43] |
 Hong Kong | 39.8 °C (103.6 °F) | Sheung Shui | 9 August 2026[44] |
 India | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Phalodi, Rajasthan | 19 May 2016[45][46] |
 Indonesia | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Jatiwangi, Java | 12 October 2002[29] |
 Iran | 53.7 °C (128.7 °F) | Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) | 29 June 2017[47] |
 Iraq | 53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Basra | 22 July 2016[48][49] |
| Palestine | 51.2 °C (124.2 °F) | Kalya | 22 June 1942[29] |
 Japan | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Isesaki, Gunma | 5 August 2025[50] |
 Jordan | 51.1 °C (124.0 °F) | Deir Alla | 20 August 2010[29] |
 Kazakhstan | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Turkistan | 31 July 1983[51] |
| Kuwait | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) | Mitribah, Al Jahra Governorate | 21 July 2016[52][note 1] |
 Kyrgyzstan | 44.6 °C (112.3 °F) | Jangy-Jer | July 2026[53] |
 Laos | 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) | Tha Ngon | 1 May 2024[31] |
 Lebanon | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Houche Al Oumara; Zahle | 27 July 2020[29] |
 Macau | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Coloane | 22 August 2017[34] |
 Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 9 April 1998[54] |
 Maldives | 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 27 February 2025 |
 Mongolia | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province | 24 July 1999[55] |
 Myanmar | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Myinmu | 14 May 2010[56][57] |
 Nepal | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Ataria | 16 June 1995[58] |
 North Korea | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Hoeryong | 30 July 1977 |
 Oman | 51.6 °C (124.9 °F) | Joba | 16 June 2021[59] |
 Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro Turbat | 26 May 2010 28 May 2017 |
 Philippines (first recorded under the Insular Government) | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 12 April 1912 11 May 1969[60] |
 Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 14 July 2010[29] |
 Russia (Asia) | 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) | Ust-Kara, Zabaykalsky Krai | 27 June 2010[29] |
 Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 22 June 2010[61][30] |
 Singapore | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Tengah Ang Mo Kio | 17 April 1983[62] 13 May 2023[63] |
 South Korea | 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) | Yangsan, South Gyeongsang Province | 2 August 2026[64] |
 Sri Lanka | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Vavuniya | 10 April 1983[39] |
 Syria | 49.4 °C (120.9 °F) | Al-Hasakah | 30 July 2000[65][66] |
 Taiwan | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Fuyuan | 21 August 2022[67] |
 Tajikistan | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Aivadj | 1983[39] |
 Thailand | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Tak | 15 April 2023[68] |
 Turkey | 50.5 °C (122.9 °F) | Silopi, Şırnak Province | 25 July 2025[69] |
 Turkmenistan (then the  Turkmen SSR,  Soviet Union) | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert | 28 July 1983[70][71] |
 United Arab Emirates | 52.1 °C (125.8 °F) | Sweihan, Al Ain | July 2002[72][73] |
 Uzbekistan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Mashikuduk Uchquduq | 29 July 1983 18 July 2026[39] |
 Vietnam | 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) | Tương Dương Commune, Nghệ An Province | 7 May 2023[74] |
| Europe | |||
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Ayios Nikolaos, Dhekelia | 15 July 2023[75] |
 Albania | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Kuçovë | 25 July 2023[76] |
 Andorra | 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) | Borda Vidal | 28 June 2019[77] |
 Armenia | 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) | Meghri | 1 August 2011[29] |
 Austria | 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 5 August 2026[78] |
 Azerbaijan | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ? |
 Belarus | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Pinsk | 29 June 2026[79] |
 Belgium | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Begijnendijk, Flemish Brabant[note 2] | 25 July 2019[80] |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 43.1 °C (109.6 °F) | Mostar | 24 August 2007[29] |
 Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 5 August 1916[81] |
 Croatia (then the  SR Croatia,  SFR Yugoslavia) | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Ploče | 5 August 1981[82] |
 Cyprus | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Athalassa Visitor Centre | 4 September 2020[83][84] |
 Czech Republic | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Doksany | 28 June 2026[85] |
 Denmark | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Ødum, Favrskov MunicipalityHans Christian Andersen Airport | 27 June 2026[86] |
 Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 11 August 1992[87] |
 Faroe Islands | 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) | Vágar Airport | 2003[29] |
 Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Joensuu Airport, Liperi | 29 July 2010[88][30] |
| France | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Vérargues, Hérault | 28 June 2019[89] |
 Germany | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Möckern-Drewitz, Saxony-Anhalt | 27 June 2026[90][91] |
 Greece | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Elefsina, Attica | 10 July 1977[92] |
 Guernsey | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Guernsey Airport | 25 June 2026[93] |
 Hungary | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Szécsény | 30 June 2026[94] |
 Iceland (then the  Kingdom of Iceland) | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 22 June 1939[95][96] |
 Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 26 June 1887[97] |
 Isle of Man | 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) | Isle of Man Airport | 12 July 1983 |
| Italy | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Floridia, Sicily | 11 August 2021[98][99][100] |
 Jersey | 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) | Mason St Louis | 25 June 2026[101] |
 Kosovo | 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) | Klina | 25 July 2025[102] |
 Latvia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Ventspils | 4 August 2014[103][104] |
 Liechtenstein | 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) | Ruggell | 13 August 2003[105][106] |
 Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 30 July 1994[107] |
 Luxembourg | 41.4 °C (106.5 °F) | Remich, Remich[note 3] | 25 July 2019[108][109] |
 Malta | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Malta International Airport | 9 August 1999[110][111] |
 Moldova | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Fălești | 7 August 2012[112] |
 Monaco | 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) | Monaco | 20 July 2022[67] |
 Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica Danilovgrad | 16 August 2007 8 August 2012[113] |
 Netherlands | 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Gilze en Rijen, North Brabant[note 2][note 4] | 25 July 2019[115] |
 North Macedonia | 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija | 24 July 2007[116] |
 Northern Cyprus | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefkoniko | 2010[29] |
 Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 20 June 1970[117] |
 Poland | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Słubice | 28 June 2026[118] |
 Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 1 August 2003[119] |
 Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 10 August 1951[120] |
| Russia (European part) | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 12 July 2010[121] |
 San Marino | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Serravalle | 3 August 2017 9 August 2017[34] |
 Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje | 24 July 2007[122] |
 Slovakia | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Dolne Plachtince | 6 August 2026[123] |
 Slovenia | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 8 August 2013[124] |
 Spain | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | La Rambla, Cordoba (as La Rambla Privilegio) | 14 August 2021[125] |
| Svalbard | 21.7 °C (71.1 °F) | Longyearbyen | 25 July 2020 |
 Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County Målilla, Kalmar County | 9 July 1933 29 June 1947[126] |
 Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 11 August 2003[127] |
 Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 12 August 2010[128][30] |
| United Kingdom | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Coningsby, Lincolnshire | 19 July 2022[129] |
 Vatican City | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Vatican City | 28 June 2022[67] |
| North America | |||
 Anguilla | 34.2 °C (93.6 °F) | The Valley | 12 September 2015[130] |
 Antigua and Barbuda | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, St. John’s | 12 August 1995[131][132] |
 Bahamas | 36.7 °C (98.1 °F) | Freeport | 15 August 2026[133] |
 Barbados | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Saint James | September 2023[134] |
 Belize | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Barton Creek | 10 April 2024[31] |
 British Virgin Islands | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport | 22 July 2016[135] |
 Canada | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Lytton, British Columbia | 29 June 2021[136][137][138][139][140] |
 Cayman Islands | 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | 21 July 2023[141] |
 Costa Rica | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Cerro Huacalito, Guanacaste Province | 23 March 2024[31] |
 Cuba | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Veguitas (Granma Province) | 12 April 2020[142] |
 Dominica | 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) | Canefield Airport | 27 August 2023[143] |
 Dominican Republic | 41.4 °C (106.5 °F) | Mao | 8 August 2024 |
 Greenland | 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) | Maniitsoq | 30 July 2013[29] |
 Guatemala | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | 12 May 1998[144][145] |
 Honduras | 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) | San Pedro Sula | 23 March 1987[146] |
 Martinique | 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) | Caravelle | 1 October 2025 |
 Mexico | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Mexicali Tepache, Sonora | July 1995 20 June 2024 |
 Nicaragua | 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) | Chinandega | 2 April 1972 |
 Panama | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | San Francisco | 20 March 1998[147] |
 Puerto Rico | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Ponce Aguirre | 21 August 2003 17 September 2020 |
| United States | 54.4 °C (130 °F) | Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California | 16 August 2020 9 July 2021[12][148][13] |
 United States Virgin Islands | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Saint Croix | 9 September 2023[29] |
| Oceania | |||
| Australia | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia Onslow, Western Australia | 2 January 1960[149][150][151] 13 January 2022[152][153][154] |
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 33.2 °C (91.8 °F) | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 3 December 2024[155] |
 Fiji | 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) | Vatukoula | 2003[29] |
 Marshall Islands | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Utirik Atoll | 24 August 2016[135] |
 Nauru | 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) | Nauru Arc-2 | 2003[29] |
 New Caledonia | 39.9 °C (103.8 °F) | Boulouparis | 2002[29] |
 New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury | 7 February 1973[156] |
 Palau | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Roman Tmetuchl International Airport | 2 June 2024[31] |
 Samoa | 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Asau | 24 December 1968[157] |
 Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 1 February 2010[30] |
 Tonga | 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Niuafoou | 1 February 2016[135] |
 Vanuatu | 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Lamap Malekula | 8 February 2016[135] |
| Wallis and Futuna | 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Futuna Airport | 10 January 2016[135] |
| South America | |||
| Argentina | 47.3 °C (117.1 °F) | Campo Gallo, Santiago del Estero Province | 16 October 1936[29] |
 Aruba | 36.5 °C (97.7 °F) | Queen Beatrix International Airport, Oranjestad | 2003[29] |
 Bolivia | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 7 October 2024[29] |
 Bonaire | 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) | Flamingo International Airport, Kralendijk | 2008[29] |
 Brazil | 44.6 °C (112.3 °F) | Orleans, Santa Catarina | 6 January 1963 |
 Chile | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Cauquenes, Maule Region[note 5] | 26 January 2017[29] |
 Colombia | 43.4 °C (110.1 °F) | Jerusalen, Cundinamarca | 14 September 2024 |
| French Guiana | 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) | Grand-Santi | 2024 |
 Guyana | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Ebini | 26 August 2023[158] |
 Paraguay | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Las Palmas, Boquerón | 10 December 2022 |
 Peru | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Tingo de Ponaza | 26 October 2024 |
 Uruguay | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department Florida, Florida Department | 20 January 1943[159][160] 14 January 2022[161] |
 Venezuela | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón | 29 April 2015[130] |
Other high-temperature records
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date | Record | Info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Marble Bar, Western Australia | 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924 (160 days) | Most consecutive days above 37.8 °C (100 °F)[162][163][164][165][166][167] | – |
| Iran | 70.7 °C (159.3 °F) | Lut Desert | 2005 | Highest natural ground surface temperature[168][169] | – |
 USA ( California) | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Death Valley | 9 July 1917 to 17 August 1917 (40 days) | Most consecutive days above 48.9 °C (120 °F)[170][171] | – |
| 48.3 °C (118.9 °F) | Imperial, California | 24 July 2018 | Highest temperature during rain[172] | – | |
| Oman | 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) | Khasab weather station | 17 June 2017 | Highest overnight low temperature[173][note 6][175] | – |
| 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Qurayyat, Muscat Governorate | 25 June 2018 | Highest minimum temperature for a 24-hour period and for a calendar day[176] | – | |
 Kuwait | 50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Mitribah | July 2017 | Most days 50°C (122°F) or above in a month (20 days)[177] | – |
| 50.3 °C (122.5 °F) | Highest average daily high recorded for a month[177] | – | |||
| USA ( California) | 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) | Death Valley | July 2024 | Highest average monthly temperature[178][179] | – |
| Russia | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic | 20 June 2020 | Highest temperature north of the Arctic Circle[180][181][182][183] | – |
| Canada | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Lytton, British Columbia | 29 June 2021 | Highest temperature ever recorded north of the 50th parallel north[138][139][140] | – |
Humidity
- Highest dew point temperature: A dew point of 35 °C (95 °F) — while the temperature was 42 °C (108 °F) — was observed at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, at 3:00 p.m. on 8 July 2003.[184] (The relative humidity was 69%).
- Highest heat index: In the observation above at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, the heat index (“feels like” temperature) was 81.1 °C (178.0 °F).[184]
- Highest temperature with 100% relative humidity: A temperature of 34 °C (93 °F) with 100% relative humidity in Jask, Iran, on 21 July 2012.[185]
Coldest
Lowest temperatures recorded
Main articles: Lowest temperature recorded on Earth and Cold wave
The lowest temperature recorded is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), in Vostok Station, Antarctica on 21 July 1983.
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | |||
 Algeria | −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F) | Batna | 4 January 1945[39] |
| Burkina Faso | 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) | Markoye | January 1975[186] |
| Egypt | −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) | Gabal Katrina at elevation of 2,629 m While −6 °C in Saint Katherine City at 1,586 m. Sinai Peninsula is geologically part of the African Plate, but geographically it is considered to be in Asia. | ?[187][188] |
| Botswana | −10.6 °C (12.9 °F) | Tsabong | 30 July 1953[39] |
| Eswatini (Swaziland) | −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Mbabane | 22 July 1957[39] |
| Gambia | 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) | Boraba | February 1904[39] |
| Ghana | 6.7 °C (44.1 °F) | Bui | January 1957[39] |
| Guinea | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Mali, Guinea | January 2009[39] |
 Lesotho | −21.0 °C (−5.8 °F) | ?[189] | |
| Madagascar | −8.5 °C (16.7 °F) | Nanokely | 23 July 1963 August 1964[39] |
| Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) | −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) | Ifrane | 11 February 1935[190] |
| Niger | −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) | Bilma | 13 January 1995[191][192] |
| Réunion | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Gite de Bellecombe | 10 September 1975[193] |
| South Africa | −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 23 August 2013[194] |
Spain ( Canarias) | −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) | Teide, Tenerife | 29 January 2018[195] |
| Sudan | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Zalingei | December 1961 January 1962[196] |
| Antarctica | |||
| Antarctica | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 21 July 1983[197][198][note 7] |
| Asia | |||
| Afghanistan | −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) | Shahrak | January 1964[199] |
| Armenia | −46.3 °C (−51.3 °F) | Paghakn | January 2007[39] |
| Azerbaijan | −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ?[200] |
| Bangladesh (then the Bengal Presidency of British India) | 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) | Dinajpur | 3 February 1905[201] |
| China | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Mohe City, Heilongjiang | 22 January 2023[202][203][204] |
| Cambodia | 7.0 °C (44.6 °F) | Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and Preah Vihear | 29 January 2007[205] |
| Hong Kong | −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Tai Mo Shan | 24 January 2016 |
| India/ Pakistan (disputed territory of Ladakh in Kashmir) | −34.0 °C (−29.2 °F) | Durbuk, Ladakh | 17 February 2010[39] |
| Indonesia | −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) | Kertasari | 29 July 1915 1922[39] |
| Iran | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1972[206] |
 Israel | −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) | Merom Golan, Golan Heights | 10 January 2015[39] |
| Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 25 January 1902[50] |
| Jordan | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Shoubak | 15 December 2013[207] |
| Kazakhstan | −57.0 °C (−70.6 °F) | Atbasar | January 1893[39] |
| Kuwait | −4.8 °C (23.4 °F) | Salmy | 3 January 2009[208][209] |
| Kyrgyzstan | −53.6 °C (−64.5 °F) | Fergana Valley | ?[210] |
| Lebanon | −23.1 °C (−9.6 °F) | Yammoune | 20 January 1964[211] |
| Malaysia | −5 °C (23 °F) | Mount Kinabalu | 7 April 2023[212] |
| Maldives | 18.2 °C (64.8 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 23 December 2002[39] |
| Mongolia | −55.6 °C (−68.1 °F) | Züüngovi, Uvs Province | 26 December 1966[213][214] |
| Myanmar | −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Hakha | 30 December 1990[215][30] |
| Nepal | −23.2 °C (−9.8 °F) | Tsho Rolpa Lake | 16 February 1995[39] |
| North Korea | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Sinmusong | 2 January 1977[39] |
| Oman | −9.7 °C (14.5 °F) | Jabel Shams | 20 January 2015[216] |
| Pakistan/ India (undemarcated Kashmir area in disputed territory of Kashmir) | −26.0 °C (−14.8 °F) | Astore | December 1910[39] |
| Philippines | 3.0 °C (37.4 °F) | Baguio | 8 January 1907[39] |
| Qatar | 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) | Abu Samra | 5 February 2017[34] |
Russia (Asia) (first in the Russian Empire, then in the  Russian SFSR,  Soviet Union) | −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic | 15 January 1885 5, 7 February 1892 6 February 1933[217] |
| Saudi Arabia | −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Turaif | February 1950[39] |
| Singapore | 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) | Paya Lebar | 14 February 1989[62] |
| South Korea | −32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 5 January 1981[218] |
| Sri Lanka | −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) | Nuwara Eliya | 8 February 1914[39] |
| Syria | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Idlib | January 1951[219] |
| Taiwan | −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) | Yushan | 31 January 1970[220][221] |
| Thailand | −1.5 °C (29.3 °F) | Dan Sai | 5 January 1974[39] |
| Turkey | −45.6 °C (−50.1 °F) | Ağrı, Ağrı Province | 20 January 1972[39] |
| Turkmenistan | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Daşoguz Region | ?[70] |
| United Arab Emirates | −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) | Jebel Jais, Ras Al Khaimah | 3 February 2017[39] |
| Vietnam (then DR Vietnam) | −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Sa Pa Ward, Lào Cai Province | 4 January 1974[222] |
| Europe | |||
| Albania | −34.7 °C (−30.5 °F) | Bizë | N/A[223][a][b] |
| Austria | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Grünloch doline | 19 February 1932[224][225] |
Belarus (then the  Byelorussian SSR,  Soviet Union) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitebsk Region | 17 January 1940[226] |
| Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 20 January 1940[227] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then the  SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) | −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Veliko Polje | 24 January 1963[39] |
| Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) | Tran | 25 January 1947[81] |
| Croatia | −34.6 °C (−30.3 °F) | Gračac | 13 January 2003[228][note 8] |
| Cyprus | −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) | Trikoukia, Prodromos | 30 January 1964[229] |
| Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 11 February 1929[230] |
| Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 8 January 1982[231] |
| Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 17 January 1940[87] |
| Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland | 28 January 1999[88][232] |
| France | −41.2 °C (−42.2 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 17 January 1985[233] |
| Germany | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria | 24 December 2001[234] |
| Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 27 January 1963[235] |
| Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 16 February 1940[236] |
| Iceland (then Danish Iceland) | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 21 January 1918[95] |
| Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 16 January 1881[97] |
 Italy | −50.6 °C (−59.1 °F) | Busa Riviera, Pale di San Martino | 7 January 2022[237] |
| Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 8 February 1956[103] |
| Lithuania | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1 February 1956[107] |
| Luxembourg | −24.6 °C (−12.3 °F) | Wiltz | 22 January 1942[39] |
| Malta | −1.7 °C (28.9 °F) | Ta’ Qali | 1 February 1962[39] |
| Moldova | −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Brătușeni, Edineț District | 20 January 1963[112] |
| Monaco | −5.2 °C (22.6 °F) | Monaco | 10 February 1986[238] |
| Netherlands (then Nazi-occupied Netherlands) | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk, Gelderland | 27 January 1942[239] |
North Macedonia (then the  SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 27 January 1954[240] |
Norway (then part of  Sweden–Norway) | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1 January 1886[117] |
| Poland | −41.1 °C (−42.0 °F) | Litworowy Kocioł, Western Tatras | 17 February 2025[241] |
| Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro | 16 January 1945 and 5 February 1954[242] |
| Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Brașov County | 25 January 1942[243] |
| Russia (Europe) (then the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) | −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) | Ust-Shchuger, Komi Republic | 31 December 1978[244] |
| Serbia | −39.8 °C (−39.6 °F) | Karajukića Bunari, Zlatibor District | 26 January 2006[245] |
| Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia) | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 11 February 1929[246] |
Slovenia (then  SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 15 February 1956 16 February 1956 13 January 1968[note 9][247] |
| Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Estany Gento (Province of Lleida)[note 10] | 2 February 1956[248] |
| Sweden | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Lappland | 2 February 1966[126][249] |
| Switzerland | −42.5 °C (−44.5 °F) | La Brévine | 12 January 1987[250] |
Ukraine (then the  Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 8 January 1935[128][251] |
| United Kingdom | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland | 11 February 1895 10 January 1982 30 December 1995[252][253] |
| North America | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, Antigua | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976[131][132] |
| Canada | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 3 February 1947[197][254][255] |
| Cayman Islands | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | 11 February 1968[256] |
| Cuba | 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) | Indio Hatuey, Matanzas Province | 3 February 2026[257] |
| Dominican Republic | −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province | 17 January 1983[258] |
| Greenland | −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) | Klinck Automated Weather Station, Greenland Ice Sheet | 22 December 1991[180] |
| Guatemala | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department | January 1987[39] |
| Martinique | 12.1 °C (53.8 °F) | Champflore | 11 December 2022 |
| Mexico | −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F) | Ahumada Municipality | 11 January 1962[39] |
| Panama | 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) | Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province | 20 February 1995[147] |
| Puerto Rico | 7.2 °C (45 °F) | Garza | 24 March 1955[39] |
| US Virgin Islands | 16.1 °C (61 °F) | Saint Croix | 20 January 2000[39] |
| United States (  Alaska) | −62.2 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 23 January 1971[259][260] |
| United States (contiguous) | −56.7 °C (−70 °F) | Rogers Pass, Montana | 20 January 1954[261][262] |
| South America | |||
 Argentina | −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F) | Alto Rio Senguer, Chubut Province | 24 July 2001 |
| Brazil | −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 11 June 1952[263][264] |
| Chile | −37.0 °C (−34.6 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aysen Region | 21 June 2002 |
| Colombia | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Páramo de Berlín, Tona, Santander | 11 December 1974[265] |
 Curaçao | 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) | Willemstad | 12 December 2017[266] |
| Guyana | 13.0 °C (55.4 °F) | Kaieteur Falls | January 2004[39] |
| French Guiana | 14.8 °C (58.6 °F) | Saul | 13 October 1975[39] |
| Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 13 July 2000[267] |
| Peru | −28.2 °C (−18.8 °F) | Macusani, Puno Region | 6 July 1968[39] |
| Uruguay | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 14 June 1967[159][160] |
| Oceania | |||
| Australia | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales | 29 June 1994[150][268] |
| United States (  Hawaii) | −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) | Mauna Kea, Hawaii | ?[39] |
| Nauru | 20.4 °C (68.7 °F) | Yaren District | 6 August 1922[39] |
| New Zealand | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 17 July 1903[269] |
| Samoa | 8.4 °C (47.1 °F) | Afiamalu | ?[39] |
| Solomon Islands | 16.6 °C (61.9 °F) | Honiara International Airport | 11 August 1993[39] |
Other low-temperature records
- Coldest summer (month of July in the Northern Hemisphere): −33 °C (−27.4 °F); Summit Camp, Greenland on 4 July 2017.[270]
- Lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere: −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F); Greenland Ice Sheet, Greenland on 22 December 1991.[180]
- Coldest average monthly temperature in the Northern Hemisphere: −56.7 °C (−70.1 °F); Verkhoyansk, Russia for the month of January 1892.[271]
- Coldest temperature in the tropics: −28.2 °C (−18.8 °F); Macusani, Peru on 6 July 1968.[39]
Record extreme temperature differences
- Greatest 2-minute temperature increase: 27 °C (49 °F), from −20 °C (−4 °F) to 7 °C (45 °F); Spearfish, South Dakota, on 22 January 1943.[197]
- Greatest 24-hour temperature increase: +57 °C (+102.6 °F), from −48 °C (−54 °F) to 9 °C (48 °F); Loma, Montana, on 15 January 1972.[272]
- Greatest 2 minute temperature drop: 15.0 °C (27.0 °F) at Sydney Airport, Australia, on 23 January 2010, from 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) at 3:11PM to 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) at 3:13PM.[273]
- Largest temperature range in one area: 105.8 °C (190.4 °F), from −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) on 15 January 1885, 5,7 February 1892 to 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) on 20 June 2020; Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic, Russia[274][275][276][183]
Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) per year or less, Quillagua, Antofagasta Region, Chile.[277]
Rain
- Most in 60 seconds (1 minute): 38 mm (1.5 in). Barot, Sainte-Anne, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, France 11:03–11:04 am on 26 November 1970.[278]
- Most in 180 seconds (3 minutes): 62 mm (2.4 in). Portobelo, Colón, Panama, 29 November 1911[279][280]
- Most in 300 seconds (5 minutes): 106 mm (4.2 in). Portobelo, Colón, Panama, 29 November 1911[279][280]
- Most in 60 minutes (1 hour): 305 mm (12.0 in). Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[92]
- Most in 12 hours (1⁄2-day): 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during Tropical Cyclone Denise.[92]
- Most in 24 hours (1 day): 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during Tropical Cyclone Denise.[92]
- Most in 48 hours (2 days): 2,493 mm (98.1 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, 15–16 June 1995.[92]
- Most in 72 hours (3 days): 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007, during Cyclone Gamede.[92]
- Most in 96 hours (4 days): 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007, during Cyclone Gamede.[92]
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, 1860–1861.[92]
- Most from a single tropical cyclone: 6,433 mm (253.3 in); Commerson, Réunion, during Cyclone Hyacinthe in January 1980.[281][282]
- Highest average annual total (observed over 10 years): 11,872 mm (467.4 in) (over 38 years) and 12,701 mm (500.0 in) (1998–2010); Mawsynram, Meghalaya, India or 13,466 mm (530.2 in) (1980–2011); López de Micay, Cauca, Colombia.[92][283]
- Most consecutive days with measurable rain a day with at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of rainfall: 331 days in Oahu, Hawaii, 1939–1940[284]
Snow
- Most in a 24-hour period: 230 centimetres (90.6 in) of snow on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.[285]
- Most in one calendar month: 9.91 meters (390 inches) of snow fell in Tamarack, California, in January 1911, leading to a snow depth in March of 11.46 meters (451 inches) (greatest measured in North America).[286][287]
- Most in one season (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[286]
- Most in one-year period: 31.5 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.[197]
- Deepest snowfall recorded: 11.82 meters (38.8 ft) on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.[288]
- Lowest latitude that snow has been recorded at sea level in North America: Snow fell as far south as the city of Tampico, Mexico, in February 1895 during the Great Freeze.[289][290]
- Highest temperature that has been recorded on a day with snow: On March 12, 2026 in Arlington, Virginia, a high temperature of 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) was reached shortly after midnight. Later in the day, 2mm of snow were recorded.[291]
Wind speeds
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) (3-second gust); calculated by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in the 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado between Oklahoma City and Moore, Oklahoma, USA, 3 May 1999. Recently, the wind speeds were re-examined and adjusted to a maximum official wind speed of 321 mph (516.6 km/h).[292] A DOW calculation of a subvortex of the 2013 El Reno tornado was estimated in a range of 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) in 2024.[293]
- Fastest non-tornadic winds: 408 km/h (254 mph) (3-second gust); recorded by anemometer in Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia passing over Barrow Island, Western Australia, 10 April 1996.[294][295]
- Fastest non-cyclonic winds: 372 km/h (231 mph) (1-minute average); recorded by anemometer on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, USA, 12 April 1934.[294][295]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from 21 March 1951 to 22 March 1951.[197]
Tornadoes
Main article: Tornado records
Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1,300 deaths (Daulatpur–Saturia tornado); Manikganj District, Bangladesh on 26 April 1989.[296]
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States, 18 March 1925.[197]
- In Europe: 600 or more deaths (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valletta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict).[297]
- In South America: 300 deaths (1926 Encarnación tornado), Encarnacióm, Paraguay, 20 September 1926.
- In Australia: Three deaths, Kin Kin, Queensland tornado, 14 August 1971.[298]
Outbreaks
- Largest: The 2011 Super Outbreak: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span of 24 hours on April 27, 2011, with a total of 367 occurring throughout the duration of the outbreak. They affected six US states, and included 33 rated EF2, 21 rated EF3, 11 rated EF4, and 4 rated EF5.[299]
- Most severe: The 1974 Super Outbreak produced 7 F5, 23 F4, 34 F3, and 34 F2 tornadoes on April 3–4, 1974. It received a score on expert Thomas P. Grazulis‘s outbreak intensity score of 578, surpassing the 2011 outbreak’s score of 378.[300]
Tropical cyclones
Main article: List of tropical cyclone records
Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 hPa (25.69 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the northwest Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.[197]
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 872 hPa (25.75 inHg); eye of Hurricane Patricia over the eastern Pacific Ocean, 23 October 2015.[301]
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 hPa (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, United States, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 2 September 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones potentially had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[302]
- Most intense landfall (estimated): 884 hPa (26.10 inHg); Rakiraki District, Viti Levu, Fiji, during Cyclone Winston, 20 February 2016. Although no official land pressure readings were recorded at the landfall site, it is estimated that Winston made landfall with the aforementioned pressure.[303] A reading of 880hPa (26inHg) from Bathurst Bay, Queensland, Australia, during Cyclone Mahina, on 4 March 1899 is disputed to have been recorded by Captain William Porter, the same person who recorded the currently established mark of 914hPa (27inHg).[304] Further evidence to back up this claim comes in the form of an eyewitness estimate for the storm surge at Ninian Bay, 30 km from Bathurst Bay, which was said to be approximately 13m. This figure would be consistent with the pressure of 880hPa allegedly recorded by Capt. Porter.[305]
Most precipitation
Main article: List of the wettest tropical cyclones
- Most precipitation from a single tropical storm: 6,433 mm (253.3 in); Commerson, Réunion, during Cyclone Hyacinthe in January 1980.
Other severe weather
Duration: 5 seconds.0:05Satellite loop of the record-breaking supercell near Chicago producing intense lightning on June 13, 2022
Hail
Main article: List of costly or deadly hailstorms
- Heaviest officially recorded: 1.02 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 14 April 1986.[306]
- Largest diameter officially measured: 20 cm (8.0 in) diameter, 47.3 cm (18.625 in) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, USA, 23 July 2010.[307]
- Largest circumference officially measured: 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference, 17.8 cm (7.0 in) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, USA, 22 June 2003.[306][308]
Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 829 km (515 mi) ± 8 km. On 22 October 2017, extended from eastern Texas to near Kansas City, United States.[309]
- Longest duration for a single lightning flash: 17.1 seconds on 18 June 2020 in Uruguay and northern Argentina.[309]
Ultraviolet index
- Highest ultraviolet index measured: On 29 December 2003, a UV index of 43.3 was detected at Chile/Bolivia’s Licancabur volcano, at 19,423 feet (5,920 m) altitude. A light-skinned individual in such conditions may experience moderate sunburn in as little as 4 minutes.[310]
Thunderstorm cloud height
- Tallest non-tropical thunderstorm The official confirmed tallest thunderstorm was a supercell that occurred on May 24, 2016 near Nueva Rosita, in rural areas of the Mexican state of Coahuila, in the Big Bend area of the Rio Grande basin. This storm had a cloud top height of 68,000 ft (21 km; 12.9 mi). Lightning from this storm was detected as far as 50–60 mi (80–97 km) away from the center of the storm.[311] A supercell thunderstorm that struck Chicago, Illinois and surrounding areas on June 13, 2022, may have surpassed its height, being at least over 60,000 ft (18 km; 11 mi) and potentially reaching as high as 65,000–70,000 ft (20–21 km; 12.3–13.3 mi) above the ground.[312]
Other categories
See also: List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
- Highest air pressure ever recorded [above 750 meters (2,461 feet)]: 1084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Zavkhan, Mongolia, 19 December 2001.[313] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level.
The highest adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenkiyskiy, Russia (66°53′N 93°28′E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).[314]The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.[313][314]
See also
- Weather of 2013
- Extremes on Earth
- List of extreme temperatures in Canada
- List of snowiest places in the United States by state
- U.S. state and territory temperature extremes
- United Kingdom weather records
- Weather extremes in Canada
- Climate change
Notes
- The guide highlights Bizë as the coldest area within Tirana County, noting the −34.7 °C minimum as a defining climatic feature of the region’s high-altitude terrain. Rather than treating the value as exceptional, it is presented as a distinguishing trait of Bizë’s geography within the county’s climatic profile.
- The recorded low of −34.7 °C at Bizë is the lowest well-documented temperature in an inhabited area in Albania, though the source explicitly states Bizë is one of the country’s coldest villages rather than the absolute coldest. Temperatures of this level are relatively typical for Albania’s continental mountain regions, notably the higher elevations like Mount Korab and the Northern Alps, which annually experience −25 °C temperatures, often approach −35 °C, and occasionally experience exceptional lows near −40 °C, although rarely with formal documentation due to the limited presence of weather stations in those regions.
- According to the World Meteorological Organization, the reported temperature is the highest recorded in Asia with Israel.
- Part of the July 2019 European heat wave
- Cite error: The named reference
EuropeanJune2026was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - A disputed record temperature of 42.9 °C (109.4 °F) was measured on 25 July 2019 in Deelen, Gelderland.[114]
- This record is disputed because of the forest fires that occurred around the town of Cauquenes. It is highly probable those fires have influenced this record.
- The former world record was 43.3 °C (110 °F) set on 5 July 1918, in Death Valley, California.[174]
- This temperature is considered the lowest ever officially recorded in Antarctica and in the World, as it was perceived by ground-positioned thermometers in 1983. Satellite analyses made on 10 August 2010 pointed to a temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) near Dome F in Queen Maud Land, but this record is not officially listed because it was measured by remote sensing methods that are not totally consistent, unlike the 1983 temperature. See Lowest temperature recorded on Earth for details.
- A reading of −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) in Čakovec on 3 February 1929 and −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) in Gospić were not measured under standard conditions and are not considered to be official record lows in Croatia.[228]
- The lowest unofficially measured temperature in Slovenia was recorded at Komna on 9 January 2009 and reached −49 °C (−56 °F).
- The records of −34.1 °C (−29.4 °F) of Clot del Tuc de la Llança, Catalonia, and −35.4 °C (−31.7 °F) of Vega de Liordes, León, both registered in January 2021, are not recognized by AEMET.
Recent Comments