Shapiro-Keyser-Cyclogenesis plays role in severe wind damage across Germany, Poland

Credit: Météo Villes‏ @Meteovilles

The Sting jet occurs during the process of frontal fracture in Shapiro-Keyser cyclones. Figure 17. Conceptual model of the near-surface flows in an extratropical cyclone. (a) Early stage of frontal wave. cyclone development. L denotes low-pressure centre with direction of movement shown by thin arrow. Grey. arrows show the system-relative low-level jets; WJ is the warm-conveyor-belt jet (WCB in text) and CJ the cold conveyor- belt jet (CCB in text). (b) Frontal fracture phase, when the sting jet (SJ) first appears at the surface. (c) As the cloud head wraps round further the SJ region extends. (d) Eventually the distinct SJ disappears and. the dominant low-level wind in this region is due to the CJ. Positions of cross-sections shown in Fig. 18 are. marked in (b). Frontal analysis based on the Shapiro and Keyser (1990) lifecycle model in which the surface cold front fractures from the surface warm front so as to leave behind a bent-back warm front (part of which is analysed here as a cold front. Secondary WCB omitted for clarity. Clark et al. (2005)